How this tool computes its result
Parses each pasted URL (prepending https:// if no scheme is present), then normalizes it by lowercasing the protocol and hostname, optionally stripping a leading "www.", dropping default ports (443 for https, 80 for http), removing the hash fragment, collapsing duplicate slashes and a single trailing slash in the path, and rebuilding the query string with parameters sorted alphabetically — optionally dropping known tracking parameters (utm_source/medium/campaign/term/content, gclid, fbclid, msclkid, ref). URLs that normalize to an identical string are grouped into one cluster, listing every original variant line underneath it. Lines that fail to parse as a URL are reported separately as invalid.
